Threads, Needles, and Tension

There is a handy one-page document here.   Download it. Print it. Laminate it. Hang it up near your machine. It’s good information when you are experiencing issues with Threads, Needles, and Tension. It will help you understand what’s going on with thread as you stitch.

Let’s take a look at what is on it:

Rotary Hook and Loop formation

This graphic shows the important parts of the needle and the bobbin race. And it shows how the loop is formed. The loop is essential for the bobbin thread to come around, grab it, and form the stitch. This information falls under the category of: “The More You Know”. It’s not essential to know about the loop to finish your quilts. But the more you know about how your machine stitches, the better you’ll be at getting out of jams.

Thread/Needle Chart

This helpful little chart lets you match the right size needle to the thread you plan to use on your quilt. Having the correct thread/needle pairing really goes a long way to insure success. There are more comprehensive charts on the Superior Threads website here.

The weight of your thread can usually be found on the label of the spool or cone. You might see #40 or #50. That means 40wt or 50wt.

Did you notice that the weight number for fine threads is a larger number than the weight of thicker threads. It’s kinda upside-down, isn’t it? Very fine silk thread is 100wt. Thicker cotton threads are 12 wt. Just keep this little factoid (that it’s upside-down) in mind and you won’t get confused when picking your needle.

Remember the rule-of-thumb to change your needle every 8 hours of stitching. It’s often hard to keep track of hours, so I usually change the needle every time I start a new quilt.

Tension Illustration

This illustration shows what is happening with the top thread and the bobbin thread and how tension adjustment effects them.

Make special note of the sentence in bold type:

Always adjust the bobbin tension FIRST. Read about using a TOWA gauge to help with that here.

In illustration A the top tension is too tight and it is pulling the bobbin thread to the top of the sandwich. When you look at the stitches on the top of the quilt, you’ll see little dots or possibly eyelashes of bobbin thread. You will need to loosen the top tension by turning the tension knob.

In illustration B the top tension is too loose. When you look at the back of the quilt, you’ll see little dots or possibly eyelashes of top thread. You will need to tighten the top tension by turning the tension knob.

Stick with learning tension. It’s really not hard. It just takes practice. And it helps to have an understanding of whats happening to thread as you make stitches. One day, you’ll realize you’ve become a pro!

Quilt Every Day!

by Mary Beth Krapil